Valium is probably the most popular sleeping medication in the world, with close to 10 million prescriptions in the United States alone. It is the brand name of the benzodiazepine diazepam and is on the list of essential medicines maintained by the World Health Organization.

If you think that you have some problems with anxiety, then anti-anxiety pills over the counter might help you with it.

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What is Diazepam? Diazepam was initially introduced as an anti-anxiety drug. They are the oldest and belong to a group of drugs pharmacologically called benzodiazepines. Diazepam, also known as valium or diastat, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1, 4- benzodiazepines. The chemical name of diazepam is 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin2-one. It is a colorless to light yellow crystalline compound, insoluble in water. Diazepam is available in the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and India online with a prescription. It can be taken orally or through injection. Oral administration is taken as tablets containing 2 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg diazepam. Diazepam is used as an anxiolytic, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anesthetic, and for emergency control of seizures owing to its broad spectrum of activity. Anxiolytics are a group of drugs that control the symptoms of anxiety, produce a restful state of mind without interfering with normal mental or physical functions. Adding to its anxiolytic actions, it is also a hypnotic or sleep-inducing drug. Diazepam induces and/or maintains normal arousable sleep. It is also used to treat insomnia. Diazepam is a schedule IV drug, which means that it has a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. The drug is available only when prescribed by the physician. Street names for Benzodiazepines are Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, and Tranks. Diazepam 5mg or 10mg is taken for short-term relief of anxiety, cerebral palsy, muscle spasm or catch, for epilepsy (fits), treatment of alcohol withdrawal, and as a “calming” drug before surgery or dental treatment. They are available in the form of liquid and nasal sprays for children. Diazepam acts on a particular network system in the midbrain called “GABA-RECEPTOR CHLORINE CHANNEL COMPLEX” (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain) which controls and maintains the ‘wakefulness” of the person and also the thought and mental functions. They also depress the central nervous system. Diazepam is a long-acting BZD which is present in the body for 30-60 minutes. They have relatively slow elimination from the system but marked redistribution. It is metabolized in the liver with specific liver enzymes. It says in the body for 3-48 hours. Diazepam is excreted through the urine. It crosses the mother-fetus barrier (placenta) and also gets distributed in the breast milk. The maximum recommended dosage is 1mg/kg/day. Overdosage can also cause Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, shaky hands (tremors), confusion, feeling sleepy or drowsy, confusion. Its severe side effects that warrant immediate medical help include, slow or shallow breathing, amnesia (difficulty in remembering things), hallucinations, delusions, and if you keep falling over. How does it work? Diazepam acts on the midbrain, by acting as a tranquilizer with an anti-epileptic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties. 5-10mg is considered as hypnotic doses which can induce sleep from which the person can be easily awakened. It causes a drop in the blood pressure when taken in the form of injection as it causes a decrease in the pumping action (contractility) of the heart and also decreases the cardiac output. As a muscle relaxant, they produce centrally mediated muscle relaxation, meaning there is no impairment of voluntary actions. They act on the contractility of the muscle thus relaxing them. However high does can depression of normal muscle action. As a sedative and hypnotic, it acts by fastening the onset of sleep, reducing intermittent awakening, and increased total sleep time. It also reduces night terrors and body movements during sleep. People taking diazepam, usually wake up with a feeling of refreshing sleep. Anti-anxiety doses are usually 2mg diazepam or 5mg diazepam. It is the safest drug for anxiety as it has little effect on other body systems, have lower dependence compared to phenobarbitone, and are relatively safe even on gross overdosage. Since it crosses the mother-fetus (placental) barrier, it correlates with an increased risk of congenital malformations, premature birth, low birth weight, and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Diazepam should either be discontinued in mothers who breastfeed or, breastfeeding should be stopped when high doses of diazepam are being given. The breastfed infant will show signs of nausea, drowsiness, lethargy, decreased feeding. Since diazepam is excreted through urine, elderly patients, or anyone with a renal impairment show a high risk of accumulating the drug. Elderly patients also have decreased urine clearing capability, therefore in such patients, the smallest dosage of the effective amount should be given. Diazepam also causes some undesirable effects like gastritis, acidity, bowel irritability, general malaise, delirium. Diazepam rarely causes a sudden allergic reaction called, anaphylaxis in which case, rashes swelling of lips develop, tightness in the chest, trouble breathing, and talking. Immediate reversal of actions of diazepam is done by another drug known and flumazenil. Serious adverse effects of diazepam include suicidal tendencies, decreased heart rate, and blood pressure, syncope (fainting episodes), amnesia (memory loss), local injection site reaction, dystonia, urinary retention, nausea, constipation, incontinence, or inability to control urine. Sedation, amnesia, and impaired muscular function may adversely affect the ability to drive or use machines. This Impaired function and sedation may occur the following morning and for several days after. The effects of the drug may also be present the day after even if a single dose has been taken. This medicine can impair cognitive function or thinking capacity and can affect a person’s ability to drive safely. It is not recommended to take diazepam along with alcohol, sodium oxybate, and HIV- anti-virals as they may have very severe enhanced inhibition of the central nervous system, which means that one cannot drive or operate machinery. It can also cause depression in the functioning of the respiratory system or the heart. It induces a state of euphoria or “light-headedness” “calmness” “happiness” thus can cause abuse or dependency. Diazepam and tramadol when taken together cause increased depressant action on the central nervous system. Some drugs when taken along with diazepam enhance the sedative effect, or increase the sleepiness, such as Cisapride, lofexidine, nabilone, disulfiram, and the muscle-relaxants – baclofen, Tizanidine, suxamethonium and tubocurarine, phenobarbitones, sodium valproate, opioids, and narcotic analgesics. Some drugs such as cimetidine, anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid), and some antibiotics such as erythromycin, antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole reduce the clearance of diazepam. The anti-tubercular drug, rifampicin causes increased clearance of diazepam from the body, therefore simultaneous use of both diazepam and rifampicin should be avoided. The anti-viral drug, like zidovudine which is given for HIV, causes increased respiratory depression (breathing becomes slow and shallow) and increased the risk of sedation. Some foods such as caffeine, grapefruit juice interact with diazepam. Caffeine causes reduced anti-anxiety effects of diazepam and grapefruit juice causes increased effects of the drug. Diazepam and zopiclone mainly have the same actions, but zopiclone has lesser potential for abuse and dependence. Zopiclone is used to wean off the effects of diazepam when patients with sleeping disorders are taking them. What are the Benefits of taking diazepam? Moreover, in acute alcoholic withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, and impending acute delirium tremens. Furthermore, diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathologies, such as inflammation of the muscle and joints or secondary to trauma; spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders, such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia; athetosis and the rare “stiff-man syndrome”. Particular age-specific indications, including for adults are for short-term relief (2-4 weeks) only, of anxiety and have a fast heartbeat with trouble sleeping which is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress, occurring alone or in association with insomnia or short-term psychosomatic, organic or psychotic illness, cerebral palsy ((a condition affecting the brain which causes movement problems and rigidity or stiffness), muscle spasm, as an adjunct to certain types of epilepsy (eg. myoclonus), symptomatic treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, as oral premedication for the nervous dental patient, and premedication before surgery. In the same UK label information, diazepam is indicated in children for control of tension and irritability in cerebral spasticity in selected cases, as an adjunct to the control of muscle spasm in tetanus, and for oral premedication. A diazepam nasal spray is indicated in patients 6 years and older to treat intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity that are different than the patient’s usual seizure pattern. 2009 NICE guidelines state that diazepam can be considered for short-term use in people with low back pain with the muscles which support the spine are in spasm. The pain is said to come down within 15 mins after taking the drug, while the full effects of diazepam as a muscle relaxant will take a few days. The effects of diazepam are biphasic, the initial phase lasts for 30 mins and the redistribution phase lasts for about 12-24 hours thus making it long-acting. It does not cause extrapyramidal effects and shows very low dependence and abuse potential compared to other drugs. The withdrawal symptoms are milder and delayed owing to its longer duration of action. How should you take Diazepam? Diazepam is the generic name of the drug, while there are multiple trade names, such as Diazepam (Actavis UK), Bensedin (Galenika), Diaz, Diazepam, valium, Wockhardt Diazepam UK, Diazemuls, Stesolid Rectal tubes, Diazepam, and Desitin. Diazepam is a PRESCRIBED DRUG, which means a physician’s prescription is necessary to buy the drug. Diazepam is available in multiple formulations, including oral tablets, intramuscular injections (IM), intravenous injection (IV), or rectal gel. Of note, oral tablets have a more reliable absorption and controlled release when compared to injections. IM and IV injections have to be administered by a medical or paramedical staff ONLY. These are colorless to off-white to light yellow in color. They have no odor as such. The product containers are rigid polypropylene or polyethylene containers and snap-on polyethylene lids; in case any supply difficulties should arise the alternative is amber glass containers with screw caps. They are available in the form of cartons or blister-packs. The product may be contained in blister packs which enhances the security of the pack increasing resistance to deliberate contamination, pilfering, etc. Pack size: 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 84, 90, 100, 112, 120, 168, 180, 250, 500, 1000. Product may also be supplied in bulk packs, for reassembly purposes only, in polybags contained in tins, skillets, or poly buckets filled with suitable cushioning material. Bulk packs are included for the temporary storage of the finished product before final packaging into the proposed marketing containers. Maximum size of bulk packs: 50,000. For oral administration, Valium (diazepam) is supplied as round, flat-faced scored tablets with V-shaped perforation and beveled edges. Valium is available as follows: 2 mg, white – bottles of 100 5 mg, yellow – bottles of 100 and 500; 10 mg, blue – bottles of 100 and 500. Engraved on tablets: 2 mg—2 VALIUM® (front) ROCHE (twice on scored side) 5 mg—5 VALIUM® (front) ROCHE (twice on scored side) 10 mg—10 VALIUM® (front) ROCHE (twice on scored side). Store at room temperature 59º to 86ºF (15º to 30ºC). Dispense in tight, light-resistant containers according to US formulation protocol. When it is taken with food, it takes 2.5 hrs to reach peak levels in the blood, while when taken without food it takes only 1.25 hours. Absorption is delayed and decreased when taken with a moderate fat meal. it is metabolized in the liver mainly by the liver enzymes, CYP3A4, CYP2C19. It has a biphasic distribution, the volume of distribution at steady-state is 0.8 to 1.0 L/kg which takes about 1-3 hours. It has a prolonged elimination phase of about 1hr to 48 hours. Diazepam and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. diazepam is cleared at the rate of 20 to 30 mL/min in young adults. Diazepam and its products in the body cross the blood-brain barrier and placental (mother-fetus) barriers and are also found in breast milk in concentrations approximately one-tenth of those in mother’s blood (days 3 to 9 after delivery). The dosage varies with the potential action of the drug. Diazepam 2mg, 5mg is used for ant-anxiety and to relieve muscle spasm. Diazepam 10mg is used for sedation, anti-anxiety effects before surgeries, alcohol withdrawal, seizures (fits). For an emergency such as epileptic attacks (fits) usually, injections are given. The tablets are taken usually 3-4 times a day for anti-anxiety and muscle spasm and sleeping disorders while for seizures it is given every 4-6 hours based on the physician’s prescriptions ONLY.    

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Valium is probably the most popular sleeping medication in the world, with close to 10 million prescriptions in the United States alone. It is the brand name of the benzodiazepine diazepam and is on the list of essential medicines maintained by the World Health Organization.

Diazepam is a psychiatric medicine prescribed by doctors, as many people find it to be effective. It is offered for many reasons like seizur...