Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Instead of soil, the plants' roots are supported by an inert medium like gravel, expanded clay pellets or coconut coir. Plants are given a nutrient rich water solution which allows them to thrive. This technique uses less space and water compared to traditional soil-based agriculture.

Nutrient Solution
The foundation of any Hydroponic Vegetable system is the nutrient solution. This liquid contains all the minerals and nutrients required by plants to grow. The essential elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Minor elements like iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum are also present. Scientists have carefully formulated solutions to mimic the balance found in soil. The pH and electrical conductivity of the solution needs to be monitored and adjusted regularly.

Growing Media
While the roots do not directly contact soil, they do need physical support. Various growing media serve this role while still allowing circulation of the nutrient solution. Some popular options include:
Rockwool - Made from basalt rock and recycled slag, these plugs provide excellent aeration for roots while retaining moisture well.
Perlite - This lightweight volcanic mineral forms air pockets that improve drainage and aeration.
Expanded clay pellets - Porous clay balls soaked up nutrient solution efficiently.

Hydroponic Vegetable Systems
There are different types of hydroponic systems based on how the nutrient solution is delivered to the roots.

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