What is Blood Glucose Monitoring?

Continuous glucose monitor, also known as blood sugar monitoring, refers to checking the level of glucose or sugar in one's blood. Glucose is the main source of energy for our cells and blood glucose levels need to be kept within a narrow range for the body to function properly. Continuous glucose monitor helps people, especially those with diabetes, keep track of how well their blood sugar levels are controlled. It provides valuable information to both patients and healthcare providers regarding any adjustments needed in lifestyle, medications or treatment plans.

Devices Used For Blood Glucose Monitoring

The most common devices used for continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring are glucose meters and test strips. A glucose meter is a small portable electronic device that reads the glucose level from a small drop of blood, typically obtained via a finger prick. Test strips are disposable, single-use strips that are inserted into the meter. As the blood sample is applied to the test strip, the meter analyzes the blood glucose concentration using an electrochemical reaction and displays the result in either milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Most glucose meters give results within 5 seconds. Some advanced meters can also store past test results and transmit data to apps or computers for easier tracking.

Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels

There are many factors that can cause fluctuations in a person's blood glucose levels throughout the day. Some of the key factors include:

- Meal timing and content: Carbohydrate intake from meals and snacks is a major influence on post-meal blood glucose levels. Higher carb foods lead to greater rises.

- Medications: Oral diabetes medications, insulin doses and other drug therapies can impact blood sugar levels. Adjustments may be needed due to side effects or changes in other factors.

- Illness and stress: Physical illness, infections, emotional stress etc. can increase blood glucose due to release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.

- Exercise: Physical activity generally lowers blood sugar but it may rise initially depending on intensity and timing relative to food intake.

- Hormonal changes: Growth hormone, cortisol and other hormonal fluctuations can temporarily raise or lower glucose levels at different times of the day.

- Alcohol intake: Alcohol prevents the liver from releasing stored glucose, causing levels to initially drop. A rebound high may occur later once alcohol is metabolized.

- Sleep patterns: Blood glucose levels tend to dip lower during sleep and rise in the early morning hours. This dawn phenomenon needs to be accounted for.

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