The FPV Drone Flight Controller, also called the FC, functions as the primary control hub for quadcopters, overseeing onboard electronics through a microprocessor and various sensors. This guide offers a comprehensive exploration of diverse FC types and their integrated features, aiding in the precise selection of the most suitable  flight controller for drones.

Gyros and Accelerometers

Gyros measure angular velocity across roll, pitch, and yaw axes, aiding in estimating rotational distance and acceleration. Accelerometers detect quadcopter acceleration and gravitational forces, assisting in calculating precise angles. These sensors collaborate to enable flight modes like acro and horizon/self-leveling modes, stabilizing the quadcopter and executing maneuvers.

Processors for FPV Drone Flight Controllers

Flight controllers continue to evolve, with processors advancing to match sophisticated software requirements. Typically, these controllers feature STM microprocessors like STM32 F1, F3, F4, and F7, representing varying processing speeds and capabilities. Optimal choices often involve F4 or F7 processors, delivering enhanced performance. The F1 models are becoming obsolete, while F3 versions might have slightly slower response times.

Firmware

Programming an FPV Drone Flight Controller involves linking it to a computer via micro USB and installing firmware tailored to the chosen FC configurator software. Regular firmware updates enhance flight characteristics and resolve software issues. Configurator options such as Betaflight, Cleanflight, Raceflight, or compatible KISS versions offer specific advantages.

Hardware

Mounting an FPV Drone Flight Controller requires utilizing four evenly spaced holes on the drone frame. For 220-sized quadcopters, the standard spacing is usually 30.5mm by 30.5mm, while smaller quadcopters often have 20mm by 20mm spacing. The 3mm diameter holes provide flexibility for various configurations and allow vibration dampening using rubber grommets. External connections are established through solder pads, pin header holes, or plugs, each with its considerations for connectivity and weight.

PID Control

The PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) control loop ensures quadcopter stability during flight. Tuning P, I, and D gains elevates craft stability and responsiveness. This loop interprets gyro and accelerometer data for precise responses to stick inputs. Complex PID tuning is best left at default settings for unfamiliar users.

Conclusion

This comprehensive guide facilitates the selection of an ideal FPV Drone Flight Controller. Before wiring an FC, refer to wiring diagrams and instructional resources to ensure accurate interfacing with external components.