Early Use of Nail Polish

While nail enamel in its commercial form is a relatively modern invention, the use of nail color dates back much further. Ancient Egyptians used henna to stain their nails as early as 4000 B.C. During this time period and into Roman antiquity, colored nails were generally a sign of high social status and luxury as the dyes and pigments used were expensive. Only wealthy citizens and aristocrats would commonly use nail color. Ordinary citizens usually kept their nails bare as a sign of their working class status.

Development of Modern Nail Polish

It wasn't until the early 20th century that the first modern nail enameles began to emerge. In 1915, the US-based company Cutex began mass-producing nail enamel, making color easily accessible to a wider consumer base. One of the key innovations was developing long-wear and fast-drying Nail Polish. Other American companies like Maybelline and Revlon entered the market in the following decades. During World War II, when certain colors were restricted due to wartime shortages, nail enamel flourished as a patriotic and morale-boosting product for women.

Post-War Innovation and Marketing

Following the war, nail enamel saw renewed innovation and marketing. New vivid shades were introduced to match the bright, optimistic fashions of the 1950s. Prominent French chemist Raymond Dunki developed a long-lasting glossy topcoat in 1953, helping polish stay chip-free for up to a week. The 1960s brought popularity of youth culture, creative self-expression, and flower power to nail enamel hues. Brands significantly ramped up marketing like print ads, TV commercials, and celebrity endorsements to appeal to the growing teenage market.

Nail Art and Independent Polish Makers

In the 1980s and 90s, creativity in nail art and unique polish colors surged. Decorative techniques like glitter accent nails, animal print manicures, and custom nail art became trendy. Independent makers also emerged, experimenting with bolded shades, multi-chrome glitters, and unique formulations. Brands like OPI, Essie, and China Glaze offered vast color ranges. The rise of indie nail enamel in the 2000s brought artistry to new levels with indie-exclusive collections and unique finishes like glitters, cremes, and multichromes that major brands did not provide.

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