Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by weakening and thinning bones. This condition increases the porosity in the bones. As a result, the risk of fractures increases. Sometimes, the fractures may need surgical intervention and the surgeon will apply an orthopaedic implant to stabilize broken bone fragments. This blog will have a quick glimpse of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and how to maintain strong bones.

What is Osteoporosis?

Healthy bones are like a honeycomb, strong and dense. In osteoporosis, the honeycomb gets larger, with more holes and less bone. This decrease in bone density makes bones more prone to fractures, even from minor falls. Sometimes, the first symptom that is noticed is an unexpected fracture. 

Who is at Risk?

Anyone can suffer from osteoporosis. However, certain factors that play a role in increasing the risk include:

Age: Bone loss is a natural part of aging, but in osteoporosis, it happens at an accelerated rate.

Gender: Women, especially after menopause due to estrogen decline, are at higher risk.

Family History: Having a parent or sibling with osteoporosis increases your chances.

Body Frame: People with smaller builds tend to have less bone mass to lose, putting them at higher risk.

Diet: Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake weakens bones.

Medications: Certain medications, like long-term steroid use, can contribute to bone loss.

Lifestyle: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and inactivity weaken bones.

Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can increase osteoporosis risk.

What Are the Symptoms of Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is often called the "silent thief" because it usually has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Here are some signs you may look for:

• Back pain caused by fractured vertebrae

• Loss of height over time

• A stooped posture

What is the Diagnosis and Treatment for Osteoporosis?

Early diagnosis is crucial. Your doctor may recommend a painless bone density test (DEXA scan) to measure bone mineral density. Treatment options depend on the severity and your risk factors. Medications can help slow bone loss or stimulate new bone growth. Maintaining a bone-healthy lifestyle is essential, including:

Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium (dairy products, leafy greens) and vitamin D (fish, fortified foods, sunlight exposure with moderation).

Exercise: Regular weight-bearing exercises like walking, jogging, or dancing strengthen bones and improve balance.

Lifestyle Modifications: Quit smoking, limit alcohol intake, and get enough sleep.

How to Prevent Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis can be prevented or its progression slowed. Here are some ways:

Start Early: Peak bone mass is reached in your late 20s. Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake throughout your life.

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being underweight increases osteoporosis risk.

Exercise Regularly: Weight-bearing exercises from a young age promote bone strength.

Living with Osteoporosis

Life with osteoporosis is nothing less than normal. All you need is the right orthopedic specialists to guide and a diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and other essential nutrients. However, you need to be extra careful while moving around as fractures may occur due to minor injuries if ignored. 

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