Abstract：Nebulizers, crucial devices in respiratory care, transform liquid medication into an inhalable mist, primarily used to address respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD, and pulmonary hypertension. In the ICU, nebulizers play a vital role in delivering bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, with potential applications in treating hemoptysis.

A nebulizer is a device that turns liquid medication into a tiny mist that may be inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are often used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pulmonary hypertension. Nebulizers can also be used to deliver other medications, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or hemostatic agents .

In the intensive care unit (ICU), nebulizers may be used for patients who have difficulty breathing or who require mechanical ventilation. ICU nebulizers can deliver bronchodilators, such as albuterol or ipratropium, to relax the airway muscles and improve airflow. Nebulizers can also deliver anti-inflammatory agents, such as steroids or magnesium sulfate, to reduce airway inflammation and swelling. Some studies have suggested that nebulizers can also deliver tranexamic acid, a drug that helps stop bleeding, to treat patients with hemoptysis (coughing up blood) in the ICU .

There are different types of nebulizers, such as jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers, or mesh nebulizers. Jet nebulizers use pressurized gas (such as oxygen or air) to create a mist of medication. Ultrasonic nebulizers use high-frequency sound waves to create a mist of medication. Mesh nebulizers use a vibrating membrane with tiny holes to create a mist of medication. The type of nebulizer used may depend on the type of medication, the patient’s condition, and the availability of resources.

Nebulizers can be attached to different delivery systems, such as masks, mouthpieces, tracheostomy tubes, or endotracheal tubes. Nebulizers can also be integrated into ventilator circuits or noninvasive ventilation devices, such as BiPAP. The delivery system used may depend on the patient’s preference, comfort, and level of consciousness.

Nebulizers are simple to use, but they require proper cleaning and maintenance to prevent infection and ensure optimal performance. Nebulizers should be rinsed with sterile water after each use and disinfected according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Nebulizers should also be checked regularly for any damage or malfunction.

Nebulizers are an important tool for delivering medication to the lungs and the respiratory system. They can help improve the symptoms and outcomes of patients with various respiratory conditions in the ICU. However, nebulizers should be used with caution and under the guidance of a medical professional, as they may have some side effects or complications, such as bronchospasm, hypoxia, or airway injury.