There are many iot applications in real life and there is no shortage of connectivity solutions behind them. Depending on the needs of the use case,lte cat 4 each connectivity option can offer different scenarios of application support and trade-offs between power consumption, range, and bandwidth. For example, if you're building a smart home, you may need to integrate room temperature sensors and heating controllers into your smartphone so you can remotely monitor the temperature in each room and adjust it in real time based on current needs. In this case, Thread, a protocol designed for home automation environments, is recommended.
Considering the variety and diversity of communication standards and protocols, one may question the actual need to develop new solutions.lte cat1 The reason for this is that existing network protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), are often not efficient enough and consume too much power to work efficiently in emerging IoT technology applications. This section provides a brief overview of the main alternative network protocols dedicated for use in IoT systems.
The overview covers the most popular information technologies for IoT wireless network connectivity and is broken down by the RF range that can be achieved by each problem-solving solution: short-range solutions, mid-range solution design solutions, and remote WAN solutions.
Short-range IoT solutions:
1.Bluetooth
As a well-established short-range connectivity technology, Bluetooth is considered a key solution for the future wearable electronics (e.g., wireless headphones or geolocation sensors) market, especially given its widespread integration with smartphones. The Bluetooth low-power protocol is designed to be low-cost, low-power, and requires very little device power consumption. However, there is a trade-off: ABLE may not be the most efficient solution when transmitting large amounts of data frequently.
2. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was the first Internet of Things (iot-RRB) application to provide location-based solutions, particularly in the areas of supply chain management and logistics, which require the ability to locate objects in buildings. the future of RFID technology clearly extends beyond simple location-based services, with potential applications ranging from tracking patients in hospitals to improving the efficiency of healthcare, to providing real-time location data to minimize inventory.
Mid-range solutions:
1.Wi-Fi
It was developed based on IEEE 802.11 and remains the most widespread and well known wireless communication protocol. Its widespread use in IoT is mainly limited by higher than average power consumption, as high signal strength and fast data transfer need to be maintained for better connectivity and reliability. As a key technology in the development of IoT, WI-FI provides a broad base for a staggering number of IoT solutions, but it also needs to be managed and utilized in marketing to be more profitable for service providers and users.
2. ZigBee
This socially popular wireless mesh networking technology standard has been most frequently studied for applications in traffic safety management information systems, home electronic control devices, and the machinery development industry. zigbee is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard system, which supports low data exchange rates, low-power operation, security, and reliability.
3.Thread
Thread is designed for smart home products that use IPv6 connectivity to enable connected devices to communicate with each other, access services in the cloud, or interact with users through Thread mobile applications.
Remote Wide Area Network (WAN) Solutions.
1.NB-IoT
NB-IoT is a product of 3GPP technology, a new wireless technology standard that ensures extremely low power consumption (10 years of battery life). In addition, it can utilize existing network infrastructure, which ensures not only its effective use in the global reach of LTE networks, but also its signal quality. In many cases, this is the same reason why many users are choosing NB-IoT over solutions that require building local networks such as Lora or Sigfox.
2. LTE-Cat M1
LTE Cat M1 is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) connectivity standard for connecting IoT and M2M devices with medium data rate requirements. It supports longer battery life cycles and provides greater coverage than cellular technologies such as 2G, 3G or LTE Cat 1.
Compatible with existing LTE network systems, CAT M1 does not require a new infrastructure to be built by the operator to realize it. Compared to NB-IoT, LTE Cat M1 is an ideal person choice for mobile use cases because it can handle switching between data towers just like high-speed LTE. For example, if we vehicle management need to own to cross their several aspects of different network structure units to be able to move from point A to point B, the Cat M1 device performs the same as moving a phone having a phone and there is no loss as well as connectivity. In contrast, an NB-IoT device must reach a new network information unit before the enterprise can re-establish a new connection at a certain point.
Another big advantage is the voice support via VoLTE (Voice over LTE), which means it can be used for applications that require some level of human-computer interaction, such as certain health and safety applications.
3. LoRaWAN
Lorawan is a low-power remote wan protocol optimized for low power consumption to support large networks with millions of devices. For Wide Area Network (WAN) applications, LoRaWAN is designed to provide capabilities for low-power WANs to support low-cost, mobile and secure two-way communications in IoT, M2M, smart city and industrial applications.
4. Sigfox
The idea behind Sigfox is to provide an efficient connectivity solution for low-power M2M applications that require low-level data transfers and too-short WI-fi coverage, where mobile network coverage is too expensive and too power-hungry.Sigfox uses UNB technology, which handles low-speed data transfers of 10 to 1,000 bits per second. It consumes almost 100 times the energy of cellular batteries, with a typical standby time of 20 years for 2.5 ah batteries.Sigfox provides a powerful, energy-efficient, and scalable network that can support communication between battery-powered devices over thousands of square kilometers.Sigfox has been demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of M2M applications, including smart street lights, smart meters, patient monitors, security devices and environmental sensors.
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