A semiconductor is a material that has some unique properties and reacts to electrical currents in a different way than a good conductor (such as copper) and an insulator (such as rubber). The conductivity of a semiconductor falls somewhere in between, hence the name.semiconductor system In addition, the conductivity of a semiconductor can be altered by changes in temperature, applied fields, or the addition of impurities, a process known as doping.

Although the semiconductor itself is not an invention, and no one invented semiconductors, many inventions depend on semiconductor devices. The discovery of semiconductor materials has led to tremendous and important advances in electronics. We need semiconductors to miniaturize computers and computer components. We also need semiconductors to make various electronic components such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.

Semiconductor materials include the elements silicon and germanium, as well as the compounds gallium arsenide, lead sulfide, or indium phosphide. In addition,semiconductor test system many other types of semiconductors exist. Even certain plastics can be semiconducted, giving plastic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) the flexibility to be molded into any desired shape.

So, what is electronic doping?

"Doping" is the process of using semiconductor materials such as silicon and germanium in the manufacture of diodes and transistors. Undoped semiconductors are actually insulators and their insulating properties are not ideal. These semiconductors form a crystal structure where each electron has a fixed position. Most semiconductor materials have four valence electrons which are located in the outer layers. When we mix 1% or 2% of atoms with five valence electrons, such as arsenic, with a semiconductor that has only four valence electrons,semiconductor solutions such as silicon, something interesting happens. There are not enough arsenic atoms to affect the entire crystal structure. Four of the five electrons are used in the same way as in silicon. And the fifth atom doesn't fit quite right in the structure; it still likes to be near the arsenic atom, but it doesn't get firmly bound. As a result, it's easy to knock it loose and let it pass through the material. A doped semiconductor is more like a conductor than an undoped one. Similarly, we can coat a semiconductor with atoms of three valence electrons, such as aluminum. The aluminum would be incorporated into the crystal structure, but now there is a missing electron in the crystal structure. This missing electron forms what is called a hole. Getting a neighboring electron to move into this hole is like getting a hole to move. An electron-doped semiconductor (n-type) and a hole-doped semiconductor (p-type) are put together to form a diode. Devices such as transistors can be created by different combinations.

I hope you find this introduction to semiconductors and their role helpful.

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