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Topics Tested in the Exam.

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NEW QUESTION 42
When should procurement professional tolerate a risk?

• A. When the risk imposes an existential threat
• B. When the risk causes some trivial annoyance
• C. When the risk breaks the relationship with the strategic supplier
• D. When the risk may disrupt the production

Answer: B

Explanation:
Risk control is the process by which an organization reduces the likelihood of a risk event occurring or mitigates the effects that risk should it occur. Our preferred way to determine your risk control strategy is to use the four T's Process:
Transferring Risk can be achieved through the use of various forms of insurance, or the payment to third parties who are prepared to take the risk on behalf of the organization Tolerating Risk is where no action is taken to mitigate or reduce a risk. This may be because the cost of instituting risk reduction or mitigation activity is not cost-effective or the risks of impact are at so low that they are deemed acceptable to the business (such as some trivial annoyance). Even when these risks are tolerated they should be monitored because future changes may make it no longer tolerable.
Treating Risk is a method of controlling risk through actions that reduce the likelihood of the risk occurring or minimize its impact prior to its occurrence. Also, there are contingent measures that can be developed to reduce the impact of an event once it has occurred.
Terminating Risk is the simplest and most often ignored method of dealing with risk. It is the ap-proach that should be most favored where possible and simply involves risk elimination. This can be done by altering an inherently risky process or practice to remove the risk. The same can be used when reviewing practices and processes in all areas of the business.
If an item presents a risk and can be changed or removed without it materially affecting the busi-ness, then removing the risk should be the first option considered; rather than attempting the treat, tolerate or transfer it.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3

NEW QUESTION 43
When preparing through-life specification, which of the following requirements should procure-ment team define besides the physical asset? Select TWO that apply.

• A. Objectives
• B. Market analysis
• C. Logistics and installation
• D. Customer service
• E. Available substitute

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer.

Source: Andrew Graves
With through-life management, buyer not only cares about the physical asset but also other factors like customer services and maintenance.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2

NEW QUESTION 44
A procurement team is categorising their purchased items into four quadrants of Kraljic's supply chain portfolio matrix. They realise that there are some low-value items which come from very few suppliers in the market. The organisation is critically dependent on these suppliers. The team plans to reduce the dependence by finding alternative sources. Is this a right course of action?

• A. Yes, the organisation needs to reduce the supply risks
• B. No, the organisation should run competitive biddings to exploit the competition
• C. Yes, this action will dramatically increase the supplier's bargaining power
• D. No, there is no way to escape this dependency

Answer: A

Explanation:
According to Kraljic portfolio matrix, the low-value items with high supply risk are bottleneck items.

The purchasing strategy that is commonly recommended for these products is primarily based on acceptance of the dependence and reduction of the negative effects of the unfavourable position. An alternative strategy suggested by purchasing practitioners is to find other suppliers and move towards the non-critical quadrant.
- Accept dependence, reduce negative consequences: The main focus of this strategy is to assure supply, if necessary even at additional cost. Examples of this strategy are keeping extra stocks of the materials concerned or developing consigned stock agreements with suppliers. By performing a risk analysis firms can identify the most important bottleneck products and consider the implications. A possible action for dealing with unexpected bad dependence positions for certain products is to employ contingency planning.
- Reduce dependence and risk, find other solutions: This strategy is geared towards reducing the dependence on the supplier. The most common way to achieve this is to broaden the specifications of the product or to search for new suppliers.
The procurement team in the scenario has selected reducing dependency by finding alternatives. This is a right strategy for bottleneck item.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 82-84
- Purchasing strategies in the Kraljic matrix-A power and dependence perspective, Marjolein C.J. Caniels, Cees J. Gelderman LO 2, AC 2.1

NEW QUESTION 45
When procuring an IT equipment, at which stage the buyer's expectations are translated into a technical specification?

• A. In-service support
• B. Customer support
• C. Design
• D. Installation

Answer: C

Explanation:
IT equipment is typically linked with through-life contracts. This type of contract not only deal with the specification and the price of a machinery, but also other stages such as design, manufacture, installation, in-service support, decommission and disposal. Among these stages, the design stage is when buyer's requirements are translated into technically correct specification.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2

NEW QUESTION 46
The position of a product in its life cycle can affect the price that suppliers set. Is this statement correct?

• A. No, customer's perception of value is the ultimate determinant of the suppliers' price
• B. Yes, each stage in product life cycle requires different levels of investment in promotion and distribution
• C. No, in market economy, the state decides the price of all goods and services
• D. Yes, it is always the only factor determining the price

Answer: B

Explanation:
A firm also has to look at a myriad of other factors before setting its prices. Those factors include the offering's costs, the demand, the customers whose needs it is designed to meet, the external environment-such as the competition, the economy, and government regulations-and other aspects of the marketing mix, such as the nature of the offering, the current stage of its product life cycle, and its promotion and distribution. If a company plans to sell its products or services in international markets, research on the factors for each market must be analyzed before setting prices. Organizations must understand buyers, competitors, the economic conditions, and political regulations in other markets before they can compete successfully.
[...]
The costs of the product-its inputs-including the amount spent on product development, testing, and packaging required have to be taken into account when a pricing decision is made. So do the costs related to promotion and distribution. For example, when a new offering is launched, its promotion costs can be very high because people need to be made aware that it exists. Thus, the offering's stage in the product life cycle can affect its price.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 90-91
- 15.2 Factors That Affect Pricing Decisions - Principles of Marketing (umn.edu) LO 2, AC 2.2

NEW QUESTION 47
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