There are a variety of operating systems in use currently, depending on the manufacturer, device and user preferences and it is important to understand these types when you work or plan to be working in the area of IT. Operating systems are used to run different programs on the computer.

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Each operating system has a common goal - to manage and manage the processes and resources of the computer. They manage resources such as threads, processes devices, files and networks. Operating systems have evolved according to technological advancements and evolved in the years as more advanced hardware invented.

What is an operating system?

Operating systems are system software that allows users to manage the actions of the hardware and software, and use the capabilities of computers. The operating system for network networks is software that allows multiple computers to share and communicate hardware and files among them. 

The operating system assists in managing resources like RAM and hard disks, ROM and more. It also lets users execute specific tasks such as calculation of arithmetic as well as data processing. The OS lets users perform diverse tasks such as input of data, processing operations and accessing output. Examples of operating systems include Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux, Unix, and many more.

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Operating system types

1. Multiprocessor OS

Multiprocessor operating systems are the operating system of a computer that makes use of multiple processors in order to increase performance. It is typically used on computers with more than one processor. Multiprocessor systems enhance performance of the system by allowing execution of tasks across several processors simultaneously. In the end, it reduces the time required to finish certain tasks.

2. Multi-programming OS

The operating system that is able to handle multiple processes in a single processor is referred to as an operating system that can multi-programme. There are a variety of applications that require to be executed. These programs are then kept in the queue of ready. They are allocated to the CPU, one at a time one. If one process is stopped, and other processes in the queue ready will be assigned to CPU. 

This is to ensure efficient resource utilization and greater CPU utilization. In the following figure the various processes are present within RAM(main memory). Certain processes are waiting on the CPU to finish, while processes 2(which was previously running) is now performing I/O operations.

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3. Distributed OS

The term "distributed" refers to an operating system built to run through a network of computers. Distributed systems are generally utilized to distribute software as well as data. Distributed systems can also be used in managing resources from several computers. The users could be on different sites.Multiple computers are linked via the same communication channel.Every system has each processor as well as memory. Resources like disk,computer,CPU,network interface, nodes, etc are sharedamong different computer at different locations.It increases data availability in the entire system.

4. Multitasking OS

Multi-tasking operating systems were designed to allow several applications to run concurrently. Multi-tasking operating systems permit several users to work in the same application or document at the same time.

As an example, suppose a user is using an antivirus program, browsing the web, and playing music simultaneously. This is an OS that can multitask.

5. Time-sharing OS

The time-sharing operating system (TSOS) is a program that gives an integrated user interface that can be shared by several users simultaneously logged in. It lets multiple users access the identical resources, including applications and files, so long as they log in at the same time. 

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This kind software is frequently used in companies and especially in those that have an abundance of concurrent users. Time-sharing operating systems allow users to complete their work simultaneously on a computer. Time-sharing OS is the most advanced technology in the field of computer science that is now widely accepted, and at a rapid rate.