A so-called traditional path

The thesis text is written in accordance with the disciplinary model and environment of each topical doctorate school. An exemption for writing in a foreign language may be given depending on the circumstances.

Articles that support the thesis

Thich allows you to incorporate articles that have been published or are about to be published in peer-reviewed journals in the thesis's disciplinary field: Three issues arise from this sort of writing:

• All thesis papers are submitted to "anti-plagiarism" software since the Poitiers establishments have accepted the legal deposit of the thesis and its dissemination; care should be made to qualify the high rate of the percentage of similarities that sneaks into it, as a case of classic plagiarism.
• Rapporteurs' work must be made easier; certainly, this crucial task for maintaining the quality of the PhD degree should never be reduced to commenting on or refuting the summary of published articles.
• If a thesis on work is chosen, the applicant must acquire the publisher's permission to reprint the articles in order to safeguard the institution throughout the filing and dissemination of the thesis.

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The doctorate student must be the primary author of the publications, respect the rights of co-authors, and ensure that the distribution rights are confirmed by the contract with the journal's editor. As a result, it is up to the reviewers to determine if the thesis document fulfills the high standards required of thesis work.

The reviewers must not be co-authors of the thesis articles or have previously published with the Ph.D. student.

- Mastery of the language and knowledge of two other languages are two of the most important goals of education.

- The language of instruction, exams, and competitions in public and private educational institutions, as well as theses and dissertations, with exceptions justified by the necessity to teach regional or foreign languages and cultures, or when the lecturers are associate professors or foreign visitors.

This responsibility does not apply to foreign schools or schools specifically opened to accommodate pupils of foreign nationality, as well as establishments that provide international education.

The thesis by articles should not be a mere juxtaposition of articles, but rather should show the connections between the articles and the approach used to attain the goals specified during the doctoral study. Even if the main findings are presented in the form of published or ready-to-publish articles, the thesis manuscript must meet the requirements of the exercise expected within the framework of doctoral academic work, namely, to form a coherent and original set that allows the doctoral student's individual value to be assessed, because the doctorate is, after all, an examination.As a result, the thesis text should be structured and ordered in the order listed below:

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• A basic introduction
• This part should result in the formation of a problem and the perspective of the articles to each other, as well as components of presentation methodology and positioning of the contribution in the bibliographic space.
• Each article must be presented and integrated into a chapter or portion of a chapter of the thesis.
• A broad overview of the findings
• Finally, a conclusion.
• Appendices and a section containing bibliographical references are optionally included in the thesis.
  
  
  
  Even though each of the articles in English is a chapter, the text and presentation must be adjusted suitably, which entails, for example, removing unnecessary portions and presenting the articles the as manuscripts rather than offprints or photocopies of publications. Stakeholders must ensure that copyright is honored and that the publishing of one or more articles does not prevent the establishment's Common Documentation Service from disseminating the thesis.